Military Innovation vs. Operations: How Arms Trade, Technological Capacity, and Economic Strength Shape PESCO Participation
Research Presentation, 28th International Conference on Economics and Security (ICES 2025), Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
This talk explores how variations in arms trade dynamics, national technological capabilities, and economic strength influence the participation of EU member states in Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO). The study contributes to debates in defense economics and European security policy by empirically analyzing the drivers of differentiated integration in military cooperation.